Effect and Mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang on Lipid Deposition in Liver of ApoE-/- AS Mice by Affecting Long Noncoding RNA-HC/miR-130b and to Regulate Cholesterol Metabolism / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang in improving liver lipid deposition in ApoE^-/- atherosclerotic （AS） mice by affecting long noncoding RNA-HC （Lnc-HC）/microRNA-130b （miR-130b） in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. Method:Totolly 10 C57BL/6J mice were selected as normal controls， and 30 healthy ApoE^-/- mice fed with high fat diet for 12 weeks were then randomly divided into the model group， Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang group（19.12 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and simvastatin group（2.275 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）， with gavage administration for 4 weeks. The serum lipid level of mice was detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer， and the histopathological changes of liver cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect expression of long noncoding RNA-HC， and miR-130b. Real-time PCR and Western blot assay were used to detect gene and protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPAR<italic>γ</italic>）， liver X receptor （LXR）， ATP-binding cassette transporters A1 （ABCA1）， ATP-binding cassette transporters G1 （ABCG1）， ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 （ABCG5）， and ATP-binding cassette transporters G8 （ABCG8）. Result:Compared with the normal control group， the mice in the model group showed abnormal blood lipids， larger liver cells， obvious fat vacuoles， significantly increased expression of Lnc-HC， miR-130b in liver， and significantly decreased gene and protein expression of PPAR<italic>γ</italic>， LXR， ABCA1， ABCG1， ABCG5， and ABCG8 in mice liver （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group， the abnormal blood lipid levels of the mice in the Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang group and the simvastatin group were improved， and the number of fatty vacuoles of liver cells was significantly reduced， the expression of liver Lnc-HC， miR-130b in Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang group decreased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the gene and protein levels of liver PPAR<italic>γ</italic>， ABCA1， ABCG1， ABCG5， ABCG8 in mice of the Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang group and the simvastatin group showed an upward trend. Among them， the gene and protein expression of LXR protein in the liver of the Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang group was significantly up-regulated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang may improve the lipid deposition in the liver of ApoE^-/-AS mice by affecting Lnc-HC/miR-130b to regulate the cholesterol metabolism process mediated by PPAR<italic>γ</italic>， thus playing a role in preventing and treating AS.

Clinical research progress of humidified high-flow nasal cannula therapy in pediatric patients / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Various forms of noninvasive respiratory support have been applied to the treatment of infant respiratory distress and hypoxemia.The most common noninvasive respiratory support in neonatal intensive care unit is nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP).But the NCPAP systems are not always well accepted by the neonatal population,with the risk of mucosal injury and nosocomial infection.In recent years,humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) has been introduced and developed as a possible alternative to NCPAP for noninvasive respiratory support mode,because it increases patients' comfort and the effectiveness of the ventilation.This article summarized the current research progress of HHFNC therapy in pediatric patients.

Clinical research of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease.Studies show that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a circulation enzyme and serves a pivotal function in the degradation of low density lipoprotein receptor,which contributes to the decrease in hepatic cholesterol uptake and increase in circulating LDL-C.PCSK9 inhibitor can significantly elevate the surface of low density lipoprotein receptor of liver cells and bond more LDL-C to decrease the level of LDL-C.Thus PCSK9 has emerged as a popular target for the development of new cholesterol lowering drugs and therapeutic intervention of cardiovascular disease.In this article,the history,mechanism of action,metabolic effects of PCSK9 and the clinical outcomes of PCSK9 inhibitors will be briefly reviewed.

Vaccine strategies in prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Atherosclerosis is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the arterial wall,with both the innate and adaptive immune systems responding to many endogenous and exogenous antigens.Both proatherogenic as well as atheroprotective roles have been identified for the immune system in atherosclerosis.Hence,it is conceivable that an immuno-modulatory strategy via active immunization against many of these antigens could potentially alter the natural history of atherosclerosis.Cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP) plays an important role in lipid metabolism,suggesting it might prevent atherosclerosis.This review discusses the recent advances of vaccine targeting the development of atherosclerosis,mainly about the CETP targeting vaccines.

Combination of rabbit antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine A as first-line therapy for adult severe aplastic anemia / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the efficacy and side-effects of combination of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and cyclosporine A (CsA) as the first-line immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for adult severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Adult SAA or very severe aplastic anemia (VSAA) patients treated with rabbit ATG + CsA as first line therapy in our hospital from 2003 to 2008 were retrospectively analysed and the therapeutic response relevant factors were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Seventy-nine patients were enrolled. Of all these patients, 6 died within 3 months after IST. The overall response rate was 82.2% and the median time to transfusion independent was 60 days. The therapeutic response rate in 32 SAA patients (100%) was significantly higher than that in 41 VSAA cases (68.3%) (P = 0.001). Patients with neutrophil response to G-CSF treatment had a higher IST response rate than those without response to G-CSF (100% vs 67.5%, P = 0.001). Sixty-one patients (77.2%) occurred serum sickness reaction. Three patients relapsed and two developed clonal hematological abnormalities after IST. The 3-year overall survival for all the patients was 88.9%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Rabbit ATG in combination with CsA as first-line IST for adult SAA can lead to excellent treatment outcomes with minor adverse effects.</p>